內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備維修介紹：內(nèi)窺鏡檢查的適用癥狀
Introduction to the maintenance of endoscopic equipment: applicable symptoms of endoscopy
1.原因不明的刺激性咳嗽
1. Irritating cough of unknown origin
持續(xù)10天以上，或咽喉改變了性狀，都是應(yīng)當(dāng)警惕的信號(hào)。它可以是某些炎癥的表現(xiàn)，也可能是肺癌的早期癥狀，但這種癥狀常被人們忽視。
If it lasts more than 10 days, or the throat changes its character, it should be alert. It can be a manifestation of some inflammation or an early symptom of lung cancer, but this symptom is often ignored.
2.咯血或痰血
2. Hemoptysis or sputum blood
下呼吸道富有血管，出現(xiàn)咯血的機(jī)會(huì)較多，人們對(duì)略血比較警惕。研究證明，因咯血而來(lái)做支氣管鏡檢查的約占總檢人數(shù)的一半，檢查后的結(jié)果證實(shí)約2/3是肺癌，肺癌咯血的特點(diǎn)是少量、新鮮而持續(xù)。
The lower respiratory tract is rich in blood vessels, and there are more chances of hemoptysis. Studies have shown that about half of the total number of people who have been examined by bronchoscopy due to hemoptysis. The results of the examination confirm that about 2 / 3 of them are lung cancer. The characteristics of hemoptysis of lung cancer are small amount, fresh and continuous.
3.肺不張
3. Atelectasis
肺不張經(jīng)x線透視或攝片確定后,應(yīng)做支氣管鏡檢查。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),因肺不張而做支氣管鏡檢查的約占總檢人數(shù)的1/3,其中由于肺癌所致者占2/3,如此高的陽(yáng)性率當(dāng)然是此項(xiàng)檢查的適應(yīng)證。
Bronchoscopy should be performed after pulmonary atelectasis is confirmed by X-ray fluoroscopy or radiography. According to statistics, bronchoscopy due to atelectasis accounts for about 1 / 3 of the total number of examiners, among which 2 / 3 are caused by lung cancer. Such a high positive rate is certainly the indication of this examination.
4.肺門加大或肺門球狀或塊狀影
4. Hilar enlargement or hilum globular or massive shadow
常常是縱隔淋巴結(jié)腫大的改變，中心型肺癌常以此表現(xiàn)。支氣管鏡常見到管腔的擠壓變形或腔內(nèi)新生物,結(jié)核性支氣管淋巴結(jié)炎也有類似改變，支氣管鏡是取得細(xì)胞學(xué)或組織學(xué)依據(jù)的診斷手段。
It is often a mediastinal lymph node enlargement change, central lung cancer often this performance. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic method to obtain cytological or histological evidence.
5.周圍型球狀或塊狀影
5. Peripheral spherical or massive shadow
周圍型病變難于定性，雖然支氣管鏡不易看到周邊肺野，但當(dāng)確定肺段后，遠(yuǎn)距的細(xì)胞學(xué)涂片也有較高的陽(yáng)性率，比經(jīng)皮肺穿刺或剖胸更易被接受。
It is difficult to determine the nature of peripheral lesions. Although it is not easy to see the peripheral lung fields by bronchoscopy, when the lung segments are determined, the distant cytological smears also have a higher positive rate, which is more acceptable than percutaneous lung puncture or thoracotomy.
6.局限性肺喘鳴
6. Localized pulmonary wheezing
是氣管支氣管腔狹窄所致，新生物的占位和擠壓較為常見,肺癌和結(jié)核是主要的原因。
It is caused by tracheobronchial stenosis. The space occupying and squeezing of new organisms are common. Lung cancer and tuberculosis are the main causes.
7.固定部位的反復(fù)肺炎
7. Recurrent pneumonia at the fixed site
這可能是肺癌有淋巴管蔓延，也可能伴發(fā)感染，臨床治療效果常較一般炎癥項(xiàng)固而不易消退。
This may be due to the lymphangiosis of lung cancer, and may also be accompanied by infection. The clinical therapeutic effect is often stronger than that of general inflammation and is not easy to subside.
8.懷疑與支氣管病變有聯(lián)系的癥狀體征
8. Symptoms and signs suspected to be associated with bronchial lesions
9. 痰液脫落細(xì)胞陽(yáng)性而肺部x線陰性者
9. Sputum exfoliated cells positive and lung X-ray negative
10.肺手術(shù)前常規(guī)檢查
10. Routine examination before lung operation
明確切除的范圍及術(shù)式，了解正常肺段的情況，以作為手術(shù)計(jì)劃的參考。
Clear resection range and operation method, to understand the situation of normal lung segment, as a reference for surgical planning.
11. 肺癌術(shù)后、放療、化療過(guò)程或隨訪
11. Lung cancer postoperative, radiotherapy, chemotherapy process or follow-up
支氣管鏡是觀察效果,確定復(fù)發(fā),補(bǔ)充治療的檢查手段。
Bronchoscopy is an examination means to observe the effect, determine the recurrence and supplement the treatment.
12.清除膿栓、黏液栓、膿液等支氣管阻塞，改善引流,注人藥物治療膿腫,注入造影劑確定診斷
12. Remove the obstruction of bronchus such as pus, mucus and pus, improve drainage, inject drugs to treat abscess, and inject contrast medium to confirm the diagnosis
13.做肺活檢術(shù)、肺灌洗術(shù)，引導(dǎo)激光電灼止血
13. Lung biopsy and lung lavage were performed to guide laser electrocautery for hemostasis
14.取出支氣管異物
14. Remove foreign body in bronchus
支氣管異物約98%能從支氣管鏡取出，阜物較大者可經(jīng)硬支氣管鏡取出,異物細(xì)微而下落到周邊的可用軟纖維支氣管鏡取出,或在X線配合下取出。
About 98% of the foreign bodies in bronchus can be removed from bronchoscope, and those with larger caruncle can be taken out through rigid bronchoscope. If the foreign bodies fall to the periphery, they can be removed by flexible fiber bronchoscope or with the help of X-ray.
不適合的人群
Unsuitable crowd
1.嚴(yán)重心臟病或肺功能極度不良。
1. Severe heart disease or extremely poor lung function.
2.近期大量咯血。
2. Massive hemoptysis recently.
3.急性肺炎伴高熱昏迷，嚴(yán)重肺結(jié)核。
3. Acute pneumonia with high fever coma and severe pulmonary tuberculosis.
4.主動(dòng)脈瘤壓迫氣管。
4. Aortic aneurysm oppresses trachea.
5.頸椎病或頭頸不能后仰、張口困難者,不適于硬支氣管檢查。
5. Cervical spondylosis or head and neck can not be tilted back, difficult to open mouth, not suitable for hard bronchial examination.
The above is about what symptoms are suitable for endoscopy. I hope it will be helpful for you. If you want to know more, please click our website: endoscopic equipment maintenance http://m.daybang.cn 。
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